ABSTRACT
Objectives: To study the motor entry points of hamstring muscles of lower limb and to suggest ideal sites formotor point procedures for treatment of spasticity in the above muscles.Materials and Methods: The study was done after approval from Institutional Review Board. Sample size wasestimated using Population mean-Absolute precision method. A total of 10 adult lower limbs were chosen. Thenerve branches to hamstring muscles were dissected up to its motor entry point. Position of proximal and distalmotor entry points were marked and following variables measured: a) The length of muscle; b)Number of motorentry points; c)The distance of proximal entry point (PEP) and distal entry point (DEP) from the origin of muscle;e)The position of PEP and DEP as a fraction of length of muscle; f) Ideal site of motor entry point injection; g) Idealsite of motor point injection expressed as a percentage of muscle length.Results: The proximal and distal motor entry points of long head of Biceps Femoris were located at 35% and 51%of the total length of muscle. Most of the motor entry points of Semitendinosus were located between 43% and48% of muscle length ie, in the third-fifth of total muscle length. Semimembranosus had its motor entry pointslocated between 52% and 70% of the total muscle length ie, in the third-fifth and fourth-fifth of muscle length.Conclusion: The interventions done for relief of spasticity will have the best outcomes if planned at the abovementioned areas of the respective muscles
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to examine the change in median nerve location according to forearm movement. Thirty fresh specimens from 15 adult Korean cadavers (10 males and five females; age range, 5391 years) were examined. We measured the motor entry point according to normal and pronated positions of the forearm. The x and y coordinates of the first motor entry point (MEP) in the normal position were 1.6±0.6 cm and 2.8±1.3 cm, respectively. The depth of the MEP was 1.5±0.3 cm. The x and y coordinates of the second MEP were 1.3±0.3 cm and 4.7±1.7 cm, respectively. The depth of the MEP was 1.4±0.2 cm. The x and y coordinates of first MEP with the forearm in the pronated position were 1.9±0.7 cm and 2.3±0.8 cm. respectively. The depth of the MEP was 1.7±0.4 cm. The x and y coordinates of the second MEP were 1.6±0.7 cm and 4.4±1.7 cm, respectively. The depth of the MEP was 1.6±0.3 cm. The differences in locations according to movement of the nerve branch were 0.3 cm, and depths were 0.2 cm. The pronated position results of this study will be clinically helpful.
El objetivo fue examinar el cambio de posición del nervio mediano de acuerdo con el movimiento del antebrazo. Se examinaron 30 muestras frescas de 15 cadáveres adultos coreanos (10 hombres y 5 mujeres) con edades entre 5391 años. Se midió el punto de entrada motor de acuerdo con las posiciones normales y pronación del antebrazo. Las coordenadas X e Y del primer punto de entrada motor (PEM) en la posición normal fueron de 1,6±0,6 cm y 2,8±1,3 cm, respectivamente. La profundidad del PEM fue de 1,5±0,3 cm. Las coordenadas X e Y del segundo PEM fueron 1,3±0,3 cm y 4,7±1,7 cm, respectivamente. La profundidad del PEM fue 1,4±0,2 cm. Las coordenadas X e Y del primer PEM del antebrazo en posición de pronación fueron 1,9±0,7 cm y 2,3±0,8 cm, respectivamente. La profundidad del PEM fue 1,7±0,4 cm. Las coordenadas X e Y del segundo PEM fueron 1,6±0,7 cm y 4,4±1,7 cm, respectivamente. La profundidad del PEM fue 1,6±0,3 cm. Las diferencias en las ubicaciones de acuerdo con el movimiento del ramo nervioso fueron de 0,3 cm, y las profundidades fueron de 0,2 cm. Los resultados de la posición de pronación de este estudio serán útiles en trabajos clínicos.